Forced diuresis and dialysis techniques are not indicated since they will not significantly accelerate the elimination of these agents. Prevention of gastrointestinal absorption should be initiated in all intentional benzodiazepine overdoses. The risk of developing significant withdrawal symptoms is related to dosage and duration of treatment. There is clear evidence that the prolonged use of even therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines will lead to dependence. The teratogenic potential of benzodiazepines remains controversial, but is probably small if it exists at all. Benzodiazepine overdoses occurring during pregnancy rarely induce serious morbidity in mothers or fetuses, although large doses administered near delivery can induce respiratory depression in neonates. Quantitative determinations of benzodiazepines are not useful in the clinical management of intoxicated patients since there is no correlation between serum concentrations and pharmacological and toxicological effects. In severe overdoses, benzodiazepines can occasionally induce cardiovascular and pulmonary toxicity, but deaths resulting from pure benzodiazepine overdoses are rare. The severity of the CNS depression is influenced by the dose, the age of the patient and his or her clinical status prior to the ingestion, and the coingestion of other CNS depressants. Pure benzodiazepine overdoses usually induce a mild to moderate central nervous system depression deep coma requiring assisted ventilation is rare, and should prompt a search for other toxic substances. This popularity is based not only on their efficacy but also on their remarkable safety. Benzodiazepines are among the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide.
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